Budget Concepts and Process
- Presentation
How Economists Can Help Inform Economic and Budget Analysis Used by the U.S. Congress
Presentation by Jeffrey Kling and Heidi Williams at the 2026 Allied Social Science Associations (ASSA) Annual Meeting
- Report
A Qualitative Analysis of the Effects of the Government Shutdown on the Economy as of October 17, 2025
In response to a request from Chairman Jodey Arrington, CBO provides a qualitative analysis of the effects of the government shutdown on federal employment, real GDP, the labor market, business activity and income, and tourism.
- Report
Potential Effects of a Federal Government Shutdown
CBO assesses the possible effects of a government shutdown on the pay of federal employees and describes possible effects on the economy, business activity, procurements and contracts, and the operation of national parks and monuments.
- Blog Post
Recent Speaking Engagements
CBO's Director, Phillip Swagel, highlights his recent speaking engagements and the topics he discussed.
- Report
Seven Things to Know About CBO's Budgetary Treatment of Potential Changes to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
CBO addresses seven key issues that might arise as it estimates the budgetary effects of potential legislation or administrative actions that could result in releasing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac from government control.
- Report
Expired and Expiring Authorizations of Appropriations: 2025 Final Report
CBO reports annually on programs whose authorizations of appropriations have already expired or will expire. This report updates CBO's preliminary report that was released on January 15, 2025.
- Report
Questions About the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010
In response to a request from Senator Graham, CBO answers questions regarding the use of sequestration (the cancellation of budgetary resources) in accordance with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010.
- Report
How CBO and Joint Committee Staff Prepare Dynamic Analyses
CBO and staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation respond to questions about how they develop estimates of the budgetary and economic effects of legislation.
- Presentation
The Pell Grant Program: Funding and Current Shortfall
Presentation by Justin Humphrey, CBO's Finance, Housing, and Education Cost Estimates Unit Chief, at the American Association of State Colleges and Universities.
- Blog Post
How CBO Supports the Congress in the Reconciliation Process
Throughout the reconciliation process, CBO, in collaboration with the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation, assists the Congress by providing nonpartisan analysis and cost estimates for legislative proposals.