Budget Concepts and Process
- Presentation
Information Sources for Policymakers: Congressional Budget Office 101
Presentation by Lara Robillard, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at AcademyHealth’s Health Policy Orientation.
- Presentation
The Intersection of Legislative Drafting and Federal Budgeting
Presentation by Mark Hadley, CBO’s Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel, at the International Association of Legislation’s Eighth International Conference on Legislation and Law Reform.
- Report
How CBO Uses Discount Rates to Estimate the Present Value of Future Costs or Savings
CBO describes how it selects and uses discount rates to produce estimates for a wide range of federal activities that can have budgetary effects far into the future.
- Report
Estimates of the Cost of Federal Credit Programs in 2025
CBO estimates the costs of federal credit programs in 2025 in two ways—following procedures prescribed by the Federal Credit Reform Act and using a fair-value approach, which measures the market value of the government’s obligations.
- Report
Expired and Expiring Authorizations of Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2024
CBO reports annually on programs whose authorizations of appropriations have already expired or will expire.
- Report
Adding Debt-Service Effects to CBO’s Cost Estimates
In many cases, adding debt-service effects to CBO’s cost estimates would be feasible. Any change to incorporate such effects into cost estimates, and how they would be presented, would be subject to review by the Budget Committees.
- Report
How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2024 to 2034
To show how variations in economic conditions might affect its budget projections, CBO analyzed how revenues, outlays, and deficits might change if the values of key economic variables differed from those in the agency’s forecast.
- Interactive
Workbook for How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2024 to 2034
This workbook allows users to define and analyze alternative economic scenarios by specifying differences in the values of four economic variables relative to the values underlying CBO's February 2024 projections.
- Report
An Update About Implementing the Statutory Limits on Discretionary Funding for Fiscal Year 2024
CBO provides an update to an earlier estimate of the effects of a potential sequestration under the caps established by the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023.
- Interactive
CBO’s Waterfall Model for Projecting Discretionary Spending, February 2024
CBO's interactive tool allows users to simulate the agency's process for projecting discretionary budget authority and outlays for different types of spending over the course of 10 years.