COVID-19

In CBO’s projections, the U.S. population increases from 350 million people in 2025 to 372 million in 2055, and the average age rises. Beginning in 2033, annual deaths exceed annual births, and net immigration accounts for the growth.

In CBO’s projections, the U.S. population increases from 336 million people in 2023 to 373 million people in 2053. Population growth is increasingly driven by net immigration, which accounts for all population growth beginning in 2042.

CBO describes the effects and evolution of the opioid crisis in the United States, the factors that have contributed to it, the laws enacted to address it, and the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the crisis.

CBO describes how two laws enacted in December 2020 and March 2021 in response to the 2020–2021 coronavirus pandemic will affect federal spending, revenues, and the deficit.

By providing financial support to households, businesses, and state and local governments, federal laws enacted in response to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic will offset part of the deterioration in economic conditions brought about by the pandemic.

CBO examines four laws enacted in response to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic and summarizes their effects on federal spending, revenues, and the deficit. CBO also provides details about the laws’ effects on discretionary spending, mandatory spending, revenues, and mandates.

In this letter, CBO responds to questions about the economic outlook, describing how its projections of U.S. gross domestic product have declined since January and how recent legislation will affect the economy.

CBO describes certain budgetary effects of the coronavirus pandemic, including how tax deferrals will affect federal revenues and what laws enacted in response to the pandemic will have the largest effect on the federal budget deficit.

The CARES Act granted a temporary increase of $600 per week in the benefit amount provided by unemployment programs. In this letter, CBO examines the economic effects of extending that increase from July 31, 2020, to January 31, 2021.

The two largest differences between the two forecasts result from the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in reducing output and the legislation enacted between January and early May in response, which partly offsets that reduction.

This letter answers questions from Congresswoman Schakowsky related to federal funding for state and local governments.