Banking and Capital Markets

A strong financial sector is a necessary component of a robust economy. CBO analyzes the involvement of the federal government in the financial system and provides estimates of the budgetary impact of proposed changes to federal financial regulation.

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The Role of Federal Home Loan Banks in the Financial System
March 7, 2024
CBO describes the role of Federal Home Loan Banks (a government-sponsored enterprise) in financial markets, their financial condition, the value of the federal subsidies they receive, and the risks they pose.
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Financial Regulation and the Federal Budget
September 19, 2019
To explore how changes to financial regulation might affect the federal budget, CBO analyzed three illustrative policies. The agency found that the policies’ largest budgetary effects would stem from macroeconomic feedback. Watch the narrated presentation.
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The Budgetary Effects of the United States’ Participation in the International Monetary Fund
June 16, 2016
CBO describes the procedures it uses to develop a market-based estimate of the cost of new U.S. commitments to the International Monetary Fund that reflects the small risk that the IMF could incur large losses.
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Testimony on Estimates of the Cost of the Credit Programs of the Export-Import Bank
June 25, 2014
CBO finds that Ex-Im Bank’s credit programs would generate a budgetary cost using fair-value accounting—as opposed to savings under the current approach for measuring costs—because it more fully accounts for risk the government takes on.