Immigration

CBO analyzes trends in immigration and policy proposals that would affect immigration—in particular, by estimating the budgetary effects (and sometimes the economic effects) of those proposals.

Report
The Employment of Foreign-Born People
June 3, 2020
In 2018, 46 million people living in the United States—or 14 percent of the population—had been born in other countries. CBO examines the employment and earnings of men and women by their legal immigration status, level of education, and birthplace.
Report
The Foreign-Born Population and Its Effects on the U.S. Economy and the Federal Budget—An Overview
January 9, 2020
Immigration increases total economic output, though not necessarily output per capita. It also affects the federal budget through the taxes that foreign-born people pay and the government programs in which they participate.
Report
How Changes in Immigration Policy Might Affect the Federal Budget
January 15, 2015
Proposals to modify U.S. immigration policy vary greatly in terms of their potential impact on the federal budget. CBO details the factors the agency considers when estimating the budgetary effects of proposed changes to immigration policy.