Immigration
- Presentation
Immigrant Earnings Assimilation, 1981–2021
Presentation about work by Daniel Crown, an analyst in CBO's Long-Term Analysis Unit, and Randall Akee, Harvard University, at Immigrants and the U.S. Economy, a National Bureau of Economic Research conference.
- Working Paper
Key Methods That CBO Used to Estimate the Macroeconomic Effects of the 2025 Reconciliation Act: Working Paper 2026-01
The 2025 reconciliation act included a wide range of provisions that affect policies governing federal revenues and spending. This working paper describes the key methods that CBO used to estimate the law's macroeconomic effects.
- Cost Estimate
H.R. 6978, Preserving Integrity in Immigration Benefits Act
As reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on January 27, 2026
- Report
The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036
In CBO's projections, the federal budget deficit in fiscal year 2026 is $1.9 trillion, and federal debt rises to 120 percent of GDP in 2036. Economic growth strengthens in 2026 and moderates in later years.
- Report
Answers to Questions for the Record Following a Hearing on Oversight of CBO
The House Committee on the Budget convened a hearing at which Phillip L. Swagel, CBO's Director, testified about the agency's work. This document provides CBO's answers to questions submitted for the record after the hearing.
- Report
The Demographic Outlook: 2026 to 2056
In CBO's projections, the U.S. population grows from 349 million people in 2026 to 364 million in 2056, and the average age rises. Starting in 2030, annual deaths exceed annual births, and net immigration accounts for all population growth.
- Blog Post
CBO Releases Planned for Early 2026
CBO announces what to expect in the coming weeks as the agency begins the new calendar year with a series of reports that offers updated insights into the nation's demographic trends, economic outlook, and budgetary conditions.
- Report
The Estimated Effects of Enacting Selected Health Coverage Policies on the Federal Budget and on the Number of People With Health Insurance
CBO estimates that permanently extending the expanded premium tax credit, nullifying a marketplace final rule, and repealing policies in the 2025 reconciliation act would increase deficits and the number of people with health insurance.
- Report
CBO's Current View of the Economy From 2025 to 2028
CBO provides details about its latest economic projections through 2028, which reflect several substantial changes in federal policy and economic developments that have occurred this year.
- Report
An Update to the Demographic Outlook, 2025 to 2055
CBO projects that the U.S. population will increase from 350 million people in 2025 to 367 million people in 2055. It will be smaller and grow more slowly over the next 30 years, on average, than the agency previously projected it would.