Taxes
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Choices for Deficit Reduction: An Update
Federal debt is projected to rise significantly over the long term. What policy changes could reduce future deficits and thus lower the trajectory of federal debt? What criteria might be used to evaluate those policy changes?
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Health-Related Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2014 to 2023
This document is a reprint of Chapter 5 of CBO's publication Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2014 to 2023 (November 2013).
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Effects of a Carbon Tax on the Economy and the Environment
A carbon tax’s effect on the economy depends on how lawmakers would use revenues generated by the tax. The tax would help reduce U.S. emissions but would have only a modest effect on the Earth’s climate without a worldwide effort.
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Testimony on Using the Chained CPI to Index Social Security, Other Federal Programs, and the Tax Code for Inflation
How does the chained consumer price index (CPI) differ from the traditional CPI and what would be the budgetary effects of using the chained CPI to make automatic adjustments in Social Security, other federal programs, and the tax code?
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Options for Taxing U.S. Multinational Corporations
How the federal government taxes U.S. multinational corporations has consequences for the U.S. economy and for the federal budget.
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Taxing Businesses Through the Individual Income Tax
Since the individual income tax was instituted in 1913, the profits of most businesses have been allocated, or “passed through,” to their owners and subjected to that tax—rather than to the corporate income tax.
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Unemployment Insurance in the Wake of the Recent Recession
Between 2007 and 2010, unemployment benefits expanded nearly five-fold owing to high unemployment due to the weak economy, and decisions by policymakers to increase the number of weeks for which unemployed workers could receive benefits.
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Choices for Deficit Reduction
Are fiscal rules a useful tool for achieving budgetary goals? View the appendix of this report to learn more.
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The Taxation of Capital and Labor Through the Self-Employment Tax
CBO analyzed three options that would modify the way that income for the self-employed would be taxed.
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Effects of Federal Tax Credits for the Purchase of Electric Vehicles
CBO's report assesses how the credits affect the relative cost of owning an electric vehicle, and how cost-effectively the credits reduce gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Raising the Excise Tax on Cigarettes: Effects on Health and the Federal Budget
CBO has analyzed the impact of a hypothetical increase in the federal excise tax on cigarettes to demonstrate the complex links between policies that aim to improve health and effects on the federal budget.
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Costs and Policy Options for Federal Student Loan Programs
This CBO study compares the budgetary and fair-value costs of the federal student loan programs. It also looks at several options for modifying those programs.