Taxes
- Interactive
Workbook for How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget, June 2021
This workbook allows users to define and analyze alternative economic scenarios by specifying differences in the values of four economic variables relative to the values for those variables underlying CBO's February 2021 projections.
- Working Paper
Revisiting the Extent to Which Payroll Taxes Are Passed Through to Employees: Working Paper 2021-06
This working paper combines theory and existing empirical evidence to revisit the extent to which payroll taxes are passed through to employees. The estimates rely on stylized models and are complemented by a discussion of the empirical literature on payroll tax incidence.
- Report
Testimony on Options for Funding and Financing Highway Spending
Joseph Kile, CBO’s Director of Microeconomic Analysis, testifies before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate.
- Blog Post
CBO Releases Infographics About the Federal Budget in Fiscal Year 2020
View CBO’s budget infographics to see how much the federal government spent and took in during fiscal year 2020, as well as broader trends in the budget over the past few decades.
- Graphic
Discretionary Spending in Fiscal Year 2020: An Infographic
Discretionary spending by the federal government totaled $1.6 trillion in 2020, of which $714 billion was for national defense and $914 billion was for nondefense activities.
- Graphic
Mandatory Spending in Fiscal Year 2020: An Infographic
Mandatory spending by the federal government totaled $4.6 trillion in 2020, of which $1.9 trillion was for Social Security and Medicare.
- Graphic
Revenues in Fiscal Year 2020: An Infographic
Revenues received by the federal government in 2020 totaled $3.4 trillion, of which $1.6 trillion was receipts from individual income taxes.
- Graphic
The Federal Budget in Fiscal Year 2020: An Infographic
The federal deficit in 2020 was $3.1 trillion, equal to 14.9 percent of gross domestic product.
- Presentation
CBO’s Policy Growth Model
The Policy Growth Model is one in a suite of models that CBO uses to analyze how economic growth and the federal budget interact.
- Working Paper
Discrete Choice Models for Estimating Labor Supply: Working Paper 2021-04
This paper evaluates discrete choice models as tools for analyzing the effects of tax and transfer policies on labor supply.