Taxes
- Presentation
CBO's Baseline Projections of Federal Subsidies for Health Insurance
Presentation by Phill Swagel, Sean Dunbar, Sarah Masi, and Sarah Sajewski.
- Interactive
How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget, 2026 to 2036: An Interactive Tool
This tool allows users to define and analyze alternative economic scenarios and see how federal revenues, outlays, and deficits and debt under those scenarios might differ from outcomes in CBO's 10-year budget projections.
- Report
How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2026 to 2036
To show how economic conditions affect its budget projections, CBO analyzed how revenues, outlays, and deficits might change if the values of key economic variables differed from those in the agency's forecast.
- Blog Post
CBO Releases Infographics About the Federal Budget in Fiscal Year 2025
View CBO's budget infographics to see how much the federal government spent and took in during fiscal year 2025, as well as broader trends in the budget over the past few decades.
- Graphic
Discretionary Spending in Fiscal Year 2025: An Infographic
Discretionary outlays by the federal government totaled $1.9 trillion in 2025. Outlays for nondefense programs accounted for more than half of that total.
- Graphic
Mandatory Spending in Fiscal Year 2025: An Infographic
Mandatory outlays by the federal government totaled $4.2 trillion in 2025; more than half was for Social Security and Medicare. The largest increases over the past 20 years have been for the major health care programs.
- Graphic
Revenues in Fiscal Year 2025: An Infographic
Revenues received by the federal government in 2025 totaled $5.2 trillion, of which more than half was receipts from individual income taxes.
- Graphic
The Federal Budget in Fiscal Year 2025: An Infographic
The federal deficit in 2025 was $1.8 trillion, equal to 5.8 percent of gross domestic product.
- Working Paper
Using the CBO-EPPA Model to Analyze Carbon Import Tariffs and Export Rebates: Working Paper 2026-03
CBO analyzes the effects of carbon import tariffs and export rebates (implemented along with a carbon tax) on sectoral output, trade, and carbon dioxide emissions and compares them with the effects of a carbon tax alone.
- Report
Legislation Enacted in the First Session of the 119th Congress That Affects Mandatory Spending or Revenues
CBO estimates that the effects on direct spending and revenues of laws enacted in the first session of the 119th Congress will reduce outlays and decrease revenues from 2025 to 2034, which will increase the deficit by $3.5 trillion.