Science and Research and Development
- Presentation
Estimating the Economic Effects of Federal Investment in Research and Development
Presentation about work by Sheila Campbell, Jaeger Nelson, Eli Schrag, Heidi Williams, and Caleb Wroblewski at the NBER Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy Conference.
- Working Paper
Key Methods That CBO Used to Estimate the Macroeconomic Effects of the 2025 Reconciliation Act: Working Paper 2026-01
The 2025 reconciliation act included a wide range of provisions that affect policies governing federal revenues and spending. This working paper describes the key methods that CBO used to estimate the law's macroeconomic effects.
- Report
Preliminary Analysis of How Federal Investment in Nondefense Research and Development Affects the Economy and the Federal Budget
CBO examined the economic and budgetary effects of two illustrative scenarios in which federal funding for nondefense research and development is increased by $30 billion per year for the next 10 years.
- Report
How Changes to Funding for the NIH and Changes in the FDA's Review Times Would Affect the Development of New Drugs
CBO was asked to assess the effects of a permanent 10 percent reduction in NIH funding and a nine-month increase in FDA review times of new drug applications.
- Report
Artificial Intelligence and Its Potential Effects on the Economy and the Federal Budget
CBO provides an overview of the channels through which the adoption of artificial intelligence could affect the U.S. economy and the federal budget.
- Report
Alternative Approaches to Reducing Prescription Drug Prices
CBO discusses prescription drug prices and approaches aimed at reducing those prices. Some of the approaches would cap prices or limit their growth, and other approaches would promote price competition or affect the flow of information.
- Report
Carbon Capture and Storage in the United States
CBO examines the status, federal support, and future potential of carbon capture and storage—a process that removes carbon dioxide from the emissions of power plants and industrial facilities and stores it permanently underground.
- Report
Large Constellations of Low-Altitude Satellites: A Primer
CBO provides an introduction to the basics of satellites and constellations, describes the reasons for and consequences of the projected growth in large constellations, and discusses the costs of fielding those constellations.
- Report
Budgeting for Federal Investment
This report examines approaches to budgeting that would distinguish expenditures for investment in physical capital, education, and research and development from other expenditures.
- Report
Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry
CBO assesses trends in spending for prescription drug research and development (R&D) and the introduction of new prescription drugs. CBO also examines factors that determine how much drug companies spend on R&D.