Banking and Capital Markets
- Working Paper
The U.S. Dollar as an International Currency and Its Economic Effects: Working Paper 2023-04
The U.S. dollar’s status as an international currency has contributed to persistent U.S. trade deficits and, by lowering interest rates, to increased access to credit for U.S. households, businesses, and the federal government.
- Report
Financial Commitments of Federal Credit and Insurance Programs, 2012 to 2021
CBO describes the commitments the federal government has made through its credit and insurance programs, including housing, real estate, and student loan programs, deposit insurance, insurance for private pensions, and flood and crop insurance.
- Cost Estimate
Estimated Budgetary Effects of H.R. 7776, the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117-263)
As Enacted on December 23, 2022
- Cost Estimate
H.R. 7195, To provide for certain whistleblower incentives and protections
As reported by the House Committee on Financial Services on July 20, 2022
- Report
How the Federal Reserve’s Quantitative Easing Affects the Federal Budget
In this report, CBO examines the mechanisms by which quantitative easing — large asset purchasing programs conducted by the Federal Reserve— affects the federal budget deficit.
- Report
Report on the Troubled Asset Relief Program—May 2022
Lawmakers created the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in 2008 to stabilize financial markets. The TARP’s net cost will be $31 billion, CBO estimates—about what it reported in July 2021 and slightly less than OMB’s latest estimate.
- Cost Estimate
H.R. 5911, Fair Hiring in Banking Act
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Financial Services on November 16, 2021
- Cost Estimate
H.R. 2123, Diversity and Inclusion Data Accountability and Transparency Act of 2021
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Financial Services on April 21, 2021
- Report
Report on the Troubled Asset Relief Program—July 2021
Congress created the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in 2008 to stabilize financial markets. CBO estimates that the TARP’s net cost will be $31 billion—about what it reported in March 2020 and $1 billion lower than OMB’s latest estimate.
- Cost Estimate
H.R. 2543, Federal Reserve Racial and Economic Equity Act
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Financial Services on April 21, 2021