The Demographic Outlook: 2023 to 2053

In CBO’s projections, the U.S. population increases from 336 million people in 2023 to 373 million people in 2053. Population growth is increasingly driven by net immigration, which accounts for all population growth beginning in 2042.

Expired and Expiring Authorizations of Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2023—Information for Legislation Enacted Through September 30, 2022

CBO reports annually on programs whose authorizations of appropriations have already expired or will expire. This information covers legislation enacted through September 30, 2022. A full report will be issued later this year.

Long-Term Implications of the 2023 Future Years Defense Program

CBO analyzes the Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) plans for 2023 through 2027 as presented in the 2023 Future Years Defense Program and projects that DoD’s costs would increase by 9 percent from 2027 to 2037 without the effects of inflation.

Monthly Budget Review: December 2022

The federal budget deficit was $418 billion in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, CBO estimates—$41 billion more than the shortfall recorded during the same period last year.

The Accuracy of CBO’s Budget Projections for Fiscal Year 2022

In its July 2021 projections for fiscal year 2022, CBO underestimated revenues by 10 percent and outlays by 5 percent. CBO’s projection of the federal budget deficit for 2022 was more than the actual amount by 0.8 percent of GDP.

CBO’s Recent Publications and Work in Progress as of December 31, 2022

In this report, the latest in a quarterly series, CBO highlights its recent work and summarizes its work in progress.

An Introduction to the Congressional Budget Office

Learn more about CBO, its work, and its processes in an introduction to the agency that is typically updated at the start of each Congress.

CBO’s 2022 Long-Term Projections for Social Security

In CBO’s projections, spending on Social Security exceeds revenues to the program in 2022 and increases relative to GDP over the next 75 years, while revenues remain stable. If combined, the program’s trust funds would be exhausted in 2033.

Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in the Electric Power Sector

CBO describes recent trends in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the electric power sector, changes in how electric power is produced and the reasons for those changes, and expectations for future CO₂ emissions in that sector.

Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in the Transportation Sector

CBO provides an overview of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂, the most common greenhouse gas) in the transportation sector, describing the sources of and trends in such emissions and projecting their future path.