- Working Paper
CBO describes its current analytical framework for modeling the economic effects of changes in federal funding for R&D, focusing on two approaches that CBO has developed: an R&D capital stock approach and an R&D components approach.
- Working Paper
CBO explains how it estimated that VA benefits would cost about $90,000 annually per active-duty service member if accrual accounting methods were used to fund future disability and health benefits that many veterans will receive.
- Working Paper
CBO describes how it estimated the effects on the labor supply of provisions in the 2025 reconciliation act related to individual income taxes and the Medicaid program.
- Working Paper
CBO examines how incorporating Social Security wealth into standard measures of family wealth affects estimates of wealth inequality over time.
- Working Paper
This working paper examines trends in earnings assimilation of immigrant workers over a 41-year period and estimates earnings assimilation separately for immigrants who eventually leave the United States versus those who stay.
- Working Paper
CBO analyzes the effects of carbon import tariffs and export rebates (implemented along with a carbon tax) on sectoral output, trade, and carbon dioxide emissions and compares them with the effects of a carbon tax alone.
- Working Paper
Using a fair-value approach, CBO estimates that the cost of increasing the United States' financial commitment to the International Monetary Fund is about 1.36 percent of the country's current commitment.
- Working Paper
The 2025 reconciliation act included a wide range of provisions that affect policies governing federal revenues and spending. This working paper describes the key methods that CBO used to estimate the law's macroeconomic effects.
- Working Paper
CBO estimates that between 1984 and 2022, changes in the price of household personal consumption expenditures were larger for lower-income households than for higher-income households.
- Working Paper
This working paper presents a dynamic term structure model of interest rates that features a shifting endpoint and incorporates survey forecasts of interest rates to sharpen the model’s implied forecasts and estimate trend interest rates.
