- Working Paper
CBO describes a structural model for estimating how changes in permitting requirements affect private investment. The framework shows how longer or more uncertain permitting processes increase the user cost of capital and reduce investment.
- Working Paper
CBO describes a new framework for allocating the budgetary effects of changes to Medicaid policies to households. The framework accounts for changes in income for Medicaid enrollees, health care providers, and private insurers.
- Working Paper
CBO describes its current analytical framework for modeling the economic effects of changes in federal funding for R&D, focusing on two approaches that CBO has developed: an R&D capital stock approach and an R&D components approach.
- Working Paper
CBO explains how it estimated that VA benefits would cost about $90,000 annually per active-duty service member if accrual accounting methods were used to fund future disability and health benefits that many veterans will receive.
- Working Paper
CBO describes how it estimated the effects on the labor supply of provisions in the 2025 reconciliation act related to individual income taxes and the Medicaid program.
- Working Paper
CBO examines how incorporating Social Security wealth into standard measures of family wealth affects estimates of wealth inequality over time.
- Working Paper
This working paper examines trends in earnings assimilation of immigrant workers over a 41-year period and estimates earnings assimilation separately for immigrants who eventually leave the United States versus those who stay.
- Working Paper
CBO analyzes the effects of carbon import tariffs and export rebates (implemented along with a carbon tax) on sectoral output, trade, and carbon dioxide emissions and compares them with the effects of a carbon tax alone.
- Working Paper
Using a fair-value approach, CBO estimates that the cost of increasing the United States' financial commitment to the International Monetary Fund is about 1.36 percent of the country's current commitment.
- Working Paper
The 2025 reconciliation act included a wide range of provisions that affect policies governing federal revenues and spending. This working paper describes the key methods that CBO used to estimate the law's macroeconomic effects.
