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- Working Paper
This paper explores the benefits and costs of governmental risk taking in formal models of market imperfections, in which the government serves as an intermediary between different stakeholders in its finances.
- Interactive
This workbook allows users to define and analyze alternative economic scenarios by specifying differences in the values of four economic variables relative to the values for those variables underlying CBO's February 2021 projections.
- Working Paper
This working paper combines theory and existing empirical evidence to revisit the extent to which payroll taxes are passed through to employees. The estimates rely on stylized models and are complemented by a discussion of the empirical literature on payroll tax incidence.
- Working Paper
Fair-value budget estimates reflect cash flows that are weighted by the value market participants would place on different scenarios instead of the average of their possible amounts.
- Working Paper
This paper evaluates discrete choice models as tools for analyzing the effects of tax and transfer policies on labor supply.
- Working Paper
This working paper analyzes the long-term economic effects of financing a large and permanent increase in government expenditures of 5 percent to 10 percent of gross domestic product annually.
- Working Paper
This paper explains CBO’s methods for estimating the number of residents without legal status and imputing legal status by using individual-level data from federal surveys.
- Interactive
CBO’s interactive tool allows users to simulate the agency’s process for projecting discretionary budget authority and outlays for different types of spending over the course of 10 years.
- Interactive
This interactive workbook allows users to see how revenues and outlays that differed from those in CBO’s February 2021 baseline budget projections would increase or decrease net interest costs and thus affect deficits and debt.
- Working Paper
This working paper describes CBO's simulation model of drug price negotiations under the Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act in detail, including its data sources and parameter values, and the sensitivity of the results.