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Mandatory Spending Options
(Other than those primarily for health-related programs)
Option
Title
Savings, 2014–2023* (Billions of Dollars)
1
Change the Terms and Conditions for Federal Oil and Gas Leasing
6
2
Limit Enrollment in Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs
13
3
Reduce Subsidies in the Crop Insurance Program
27
4
Eliminate Direct Payments to Agricultural Producers
25
5
Reduce Subsidies to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
19
6
Reduce or Eliminate Subsidized Loans for Undergraduate Students
18 to 41
7
Eliminate the Add-On to Pell Grants That Is Funded With Mandatory Spending
76
8
Increase Federal Insurance Premiums for Private Pension Plans
5
9
Eliminate Concurrent Receipt of Retirement Pay and Disability Compensation for Disabled Veterans
108
10
Reduce the Amounts of Federal Pensions
6
11
Tighten Eligibility and Determinations of Income for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
50
12
Eliminate Subsidies for Certain Meals in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs
10
13
Convert Multiple Assistance Programs for Lower-Income People Into Smaller Block Grants to States
404
14
Eliminate Supplemental Security Income Benefits for Children
103
15
Link Initial Social Security Benefits to Average Prices Instead of Average Earnings
58 to 93
16
Raise the Full Retirement Age for Social Security
58
17
Lengthen by Three Years the Computation Period for Social Security Benefits
43
18
Reduce Social Security Benefits for New Beneficiaries by 15 Percent
188
19
Eliminate Eligibility for Starting Social Security Disability Benefits at Age 62 or Later
11
20
Require Social Security Disability Insurance Applicants to Have Worked More in Recent Years
35
21
Narrow Eligibility for Veterans' Disability Compensation by Excluding Certain Disabilities Unrelated to Military Duties
20
22
Restrict VA's Individual Unemployability Benefits to Disabled Veterans Who Are Younger Than the Full Retirement Age for Social Security
15
23
Use an Alternative Measure of Inflation to Index Social Security and Other Mandatory Programs
162
Discretionary Spending Options
(Other than those primarily for health-related programs)
Option
Title
Savings, 2014–2023* (Billions of Dollars)
1
Reduce the Size of the Military to Satisfy Caps Under the Budget Control Act
495
2
Cap Increases in Basic Pay for Military Service Members
25
3
Replace Some Military Personnel With Civilian Employees
19
4
Replace the Joint Strike Fighter Program With F-16s and F/A-18s
37
5
Cancel the Army's Ground Combat Vehicle Program
11
6
Stop Building Ford Class Aircraft Carriers
10
7
Reduce the Number of Ballistic Missile Submarines
11
8
Cancel the Littoral Combat Ship Program
12
9
Defer Development of a New Long-Range Bomber
24
10
Reduce Funding for International Affairs Programs
114
11
Eliminate Human Space Exploration Programs
73
12
Reduce Department of Energy Funding for Energy Technology Development
9
13
Eliminate Certain Forest Service Programs
5
14
Eliminate the International Trade Administration's Trade Promotion Activities
3
15
Limit Highway Funding to Expected Highway Revenues
65
16
Eliminate Grants to Large and Medium-Sized Airports
8
17
Increase Fees for Aviation Security
11
18
Eliminate Subsidies for Amtrak
15
19
Eliminate Capital Investment Grants for Transit Systems
14
20
Restrict Pell Grants to the Neediest Students
1 to 68
21
Eliminate Federal Funding for National Community Service and Senior Community Service Employment Programs
11
22
Reduce Federal Funding for the Arts and Humanities
5
23
Increase Payments by Tenants in Federally Assisted Housing
22
24
Reduce the Annual Across-the-Board Adjustment for Federal Civilian Employees' Pay
53
25
Reduce the Size of the Federal Workforce Through Attrition
43
26
Impose Fees to Cover the Cost of Government Regulations and Charge for Services Provided to the Private Sector
21
27
Repeal the Davis-Bacon Act
13
28
Eliminate or Reduce Funding for Certain Grants to State and Local Governments
55
Revenue Options
(Other than those primarily related to health)
Option
Title
Savings, 2014–2023* (Billions of Dollars)
1
Increase Individual Income Tax Rates
98 to 694
2
Implement a New Minimum Tax on Adjusted Gross Income
76
3
Raise the Tax Rates on Long-Term Capital Gains and Dividends by 2 Percentage Points
53
4
Use an Alternative Measure of Inflation to Index Some Parameters of the Tax Code
140
5
Convert the Mortgage Interest Deduction to a 15 Percent Tax Credit
52
6
Eliminate the Deduction for State and Local Taxes
954
7
Curtail the Deduction for Charitable Giving
212
8
Limit the Value of Itemized Deductions
71 to 146
9
Include Employer-Paid Premiums for Income Replacement Insurance in Employees’ Taxable Income
326
10
Include Investment Income From Life Insurance and Annuities in Taxable Income
210
11
Tax Carried Interest as Ordinary Income
17
12
Include All Income That U.S. Citizens Earn Abroad in Taxable Income
89
13
Tax Social Security and Railroad Retirement Benefits in the Same Way That Distributions From Defined Benefit Pensions Are Taxed
388
14
Further Limit Annual Contributions to Retirement Plans
89
15
Eliminate the Tax Exemption for New Qualified Private Activity Bonds
31
16
Eliminate Certain Tax Preferences for Education Expenses
155
17
Lower the Investment Income Limit for the Earned Income Tax Credit and Extend That Limit to the Refundable Portion of the Child Tax Credit
11
18
Increase the Maximum Taxable Earnings for the Social Security Payroll Tax
460
19
Expand Social Security Coverage to Include Newly Hired State and Local Government Employees
81
20
Increase the Payroll Tax Rate for Medicare Hospital Insurance by 1 Percentage Point
859
21
Tax All Pass-Through Business Owners Under SECA and Impose a Material Participation Standard
129
22
Increase Taxes That Finance the Federal Share of the Unemployment Insurance System
14 to 15
23
Increase Corporate Income Tax Rates by 1 Percentage Point
113
24
Repeal the “LIFO” and “Lower of Cost or Market” Inventory Accounting Methods
112
25
Repeal Certain Tax Preferences for Extractive Industries
34
26
Extend the Period for Depreciating the Cost of Certain Investments
272
27
Repeal the Deduction for Domestic Production Activities
192
28
Repeal the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
41
29
Modify the Rules for the Sourcing of Income From Exports
6
30
Determine Foreign Tax Credits on a Pooling Basis
44
31
Increase Excise Taxes on Motor Fuels by 35 Cents and Index for Inflation
452
32
Increase All Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages to $16 per Proof Gallon
64
33
Impose a Tax on Financial Transactions
180
34
Impose a Fee on Large Financial Institutions
64
35
Impose a Tax on Emissions of Greenhouse Gases
1,060
36
Increase Federal Civilian Employees’ Contributions to Their Pensions
19
Options Related to Health
Option
Title
Savings, 2014–2023* (Billions of Dollars)
1
Impose Caps on Federal Spending for Medicaid
105 to 606
2
Add a “Public Plan” to the Health Insurance Exchanges
158
3
Eliminate Exchange Subsidies for People With Income Over 300 Percent of the Federal Poverty Guidelines
109
4
Limit Medical Malpractice Torts
64
5
Introduce Minimum Out-of-Pocket Requirements Under TRICARE for Life
31
6
Convert Medicare to a Premium Support System
22 to 275
7
Change the Cost-Sharing Rules for Medicare and Restrict Medigap Insurance
114
8
Raise the Age of Eligibility for Medicare to 67
19
9
Increase Premiums for Parts B and D of Medicare
287
10
Bundle Medicare’s Payments to Health Care Providers
17 to 47
11
Require Manufacturers to Pay a Minimum Rebate on Drugs Covered Under Part D of Medicare for Low-Income Beneficiaries
123
12
Modify TRICARE Enrollment Fees and Cost Sharing for Working-Age Military Retirees
20 to 71
13
Reduce or Constrain Funding for the National Institutes of Health
13 to 28
14
End Enrollment in VA Medical Care for Veterans in Priority Groups 7 and 8
48
15
Reduce Tax Preferences for Employment-Based Health Insurance
240 to 537
16
Increase the Excise Tax on Cigarettes by 50 Cents per Pack
37