Search
- Working Paper
This paper describes the methods and data that CBO uses to estimate the cost of market risk for three categories of federal credit programs: housing and real estate loans, student loans and other consumer loans, and commercial loans.
- Working Paper
This paper explores the practical questions raised by fair-value budgeting: Which government activities would benefit from it? How might it be used? How can agencies estimate fair value without observing market prices for government risks?
- Working Paper
Fair-value budget estimates reflect cash flows that are weighted by the value market participants would place on different scenarios instead of the average of their possible amounts.
- Working Paper
Learn how CBO projects the budgetary cost of student loans repaid through income-driven plans. This working paper provides information on the characteristics of borrowers in those plans and on the methods used to project borrowers’ earnings, repayment, and resulting forgiveness.
- Working Paper
CBO uses the budgetary feedback model (BFM) to estimate how changes in the macroeconomy might affect the federal budget. This paper describes how the BFM is constructed, how it is used in CBO's dynamic analyses, and the model's limitations.
- Working Paper
The costs of federal activities are recorded in the budget mostly on a cash basis. Using accrual accounting for retirement and insurance programs would accelerate the recognition of long-term costs and display the expected costs of new commitments when they were incurred.
- Working Paper
On average over the long term, each increase of 1 percentage point in federal debt as a percentage of GDP boosts interest rates by 2 to 3 basis points, CBO estimates.
- Working Paper
This paper examines various factors that affect estimates made by CBO and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation of the budgetary savings from tax compliance proposals.
- Working Paper
In 2012, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) reduced fees to refinance FHA-insured mortgages obtained before a retroactive deadline. We estimate that the policy will prevent more than 35,000 defaults of FHA-insured mortgages.
- Working Paper
This paper presents the simulation model that CBO uses to project the budgetary costs of the Federal Housing Administration’s (FHA’s) single-family mortgage insurance program.