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- Report
Of the 437 bills CBO reviewed in 2013, 39 contained intergovernmental mandates and 53 contained private-sector mandates. Of the 72 public laws enacted in 2013, 3 contain intergovernmental mandates and 8 contain private-sector mandates.
- Cost Estimate
As introduced in the Senate on November 19, 2013
- Report
Director Doug Elmendorf testified on the effects of raising the minimum wage, noting that such an increase would boost family income for many low-wage workers but that some jobs for low-wage workers would probably be eliminated.
- Presentation
Presentation by Leo Lex, Chief, State and Local Government Cost Estimates Unit, to the National Conference of State Legislatures
- Report
Of the 428 bills CBO reviewed in 2012, 68 contained intergovernmental mandates and 80 contained private-sector mandates. Of the 202 public laws enacted, 16 contain intergovernmental mandates and 23 contain private-sector mandates.
- Report
CBO analyzes pending federal legislation and enacted laws to identify private-sector mandates, which are enforceable duties imposed on entities in the private sector. About 12% of the laws enacted between 2001 and 2011 impose such mandates.
- Blog Post
In 1995, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) was enacted to ensure that the Congress receives information, during the legislative process, about federal mandates—requirements that would be imposed on state, local, and tribal governments and on entities in the private sector. In particular, UMRA defines a legislative provision as a mandate if that provision, when enacted, would:
- Report
A Review of CBO's Activities in 2011 Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
- Report
Letter to the Honorable James Lankford
- Report
This supplement to CBO’s series of publications reporting on federal mandates focuses on preemptions, a type of mandate that would limit the authority of state, local, or tribal governments to apply and enforce their own laws.