S. 1173 would authorize $22 million each year between 2020 and 2024 for an existing grant program under the Public Health Service Act that aims to improve outcomes for children in emergency departments. The Health Resources and Services Administration administers the grant program and supports activities intended to reduce child morbidity and mortality by improving emergency medical services. Based on historical spending patterns for similar activities, CBO estimates that implementing S. 1173 would cost $71 million over the 2019 through 2024 period; the remaining amounts would be spent in years after 2024.