Dynamic Analysis
- Working Paper
A Model for Estimating the Economic Effects of Changes in Permitting Requirements: Working Paper 2026-10
CBO describes a structural model for estimating how changes in permitting requirements affect private investment. The framework shows how longer or more uncertain permitting processes increase the user cost of capital and reduce investment.
- Working Paper
Key Methods That CBO Used to Estimate the Macroeconomic Effects of the 2025 Reconciliation Act: Working Paper 2026-01
The 2025 reconciliation act included a wide range of provisions that affect policies governing federal revenues and spending. This working paper describes the key methods that CBO used to estimate the law's macroeconomic effects.
- Report
Estimating the Effects of Changes in Permitting Requirements on Private Investment
CBO provides information about how the agency estimates the effects of changes in permitting requirements on private investment.
- Report
The Opioid Crisis: Federal Policy Approaches to Reduce Supply, Demand, and Harm
CBO describes three types of policy approaches to address the ongoing opioid crisis and assesses their effectiveness and likely budgetary effects.
- Blog Post
A Call for New Research in the Area of Permitting Requirements for Investments in Physical Infrastructure
CBO would benefit from additional data and research that would broaden and deepen the agency's basis of assessment for modeling the effects of permitting-related legislative proposals and administrative actions.
- Report
CBO's Current View of the Economy From 2025 to 2028
CBO provides details about its latest economic projections through 2028, which reflect several substantial changes in federal policy and economic developments that have occurred this year.
- Presentation
Dynamic Analysis of Changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in H.R. 1
This slide deck describes the main mechanisms in CBO's dynamic analysis of H.R. 1, explains the changes to SNAP, and explains the macroeconomic effects and budgetary feedback of those changes.
- Blog Post
An Update on CBO's Support of the Congress Throughout the Reconciliation Process
Building on its earlier analyses and those provided by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation, CBO published a dynamic estimate of the budgetary effects of H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.
- Cost Estimate
H.R. 1, One Big Beautiful Bill Act (Dynamic Estimate)
As passed by the House of Representatives on May 22, 2025
- Report
The Long-Term Budget Outlook Under Alternative Scenarios for the Economy and the Budget
CBO analyzed the effects on the budget and the economy of eight scenarios that differ from those underlying the agency’s extended baseline—six that vary economic conditions and two that vary budgetary conditions.