H.R. 2152, AI PLAN Act

H.R. 2152 would direct the Departments of Commerce, Homeland Security, and the Treasury to report to the Congress each year on the risks of artificial intelligence-enabled financial crime and the tools available to defend against it. As part of that report, those departments would need to consult with several agencies and provide an annual list of legislative recommendations and best practices to mitigate the risk of such financial crimes.

The bill would increase administrative costs for those three departments and all agencies with whom they consult. The three departments and most other agencies are funded by annual appropriations. Using information about the cost of previous similar reviews, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2152 would cost less than $500,000 annually and total $1 million over the 2026-2031 period, mostly for the three departments mentioned above. Any related spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds.

The bill also could affect direct spending by some agencies that are allowed to use fees,receipts from the sale of goods, and other collections to cover operating costs. CBO estimates that any net changes in direct spending by those agencies would be negligible because most of them can adjust amounts collected to reflect changes in operating costs. Administrative costs incurred by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation are recorded as direct spending and are not offset by fees or collections. CBO estimates those costs would be insignificant.

Finally, H.R. 2152 would require those departments to consult with the Federal Reserve. Costs incurred by the Federal Reserve reduce remittances to the Treasury, which are recorded in the budget as revenues. CBO estimates that any reduction in revenues would be insignificant.

The CBO staff contact for this estimate is David Rafferty. The estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Director of Budget Analysis.