H.R. 7567, Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026

Bill Summary

H.R. 7567 would amend and authorize through 2031 programs for agricultural land conservation, food aid and agricultural trade promotion, rural development, agricultural research, forestry, nutrition programs, and horticulture, as well as other programs administered by the Department of Agriculture (USDA). The bill also would amend programs funded by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), amend federal crop insurance, transfer some authorities of the Agency for International Development (USAID) to USDA, and extend the suspension of permanent price support authority through the 2031 crop year.

Estimated Federal Cost

The estimated budgetary effects of H.R. 7567 are shown in Table 1. The costs of the legislation fall within budget functions 150 (international affairs), 270 (energy), 300 (natural resources and environment), 350 (agriculture), 450 (community and regional development), and 600 (income security).

Basis of Estimate

Estimated changes in direct spending for each title appear in Table 2, spending subject to appropriation is summarized in Table 3, additional details for various sections appear in Tables 4 through 7, and CBO’s estimate of Pay-As-You-Go Effects is shown in Table 8.

For this estimate, CBO assumes that H.R. 7567 will be enacted around the beginning of August 2026. Outlays are based on historical spending patterns for the affected programs.

Following the rules specified in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, CBO assumes that the changes made to some programs reauthorized in titles II, III, and IV would continue after 2031, the final year of authorization in the bill. The Deficit Control Act specifies that programs that meet certain conditions should be assumed to continue to operate in the same manner as they do in the final year of authorization. For the purposes of this estimate, programs that do not meet those conditions are not assumed to continue after 2031. On that basis, and relative to CBO’s February 2026 baseline, CBO estimates that enacting the bill would increase direct spending by $162 million over the 2026-2031 period and would have no effect on direct spending over the 2026-2036 period.

Most of the current authorizations for programs in titles II, III, and IV that would be reauthorized by H.R. 7567 will expire at the end of fiscal year 2026. However, consistent with the rules governing baseline projections specified in the Deficit Control Act, CBO’s baseline incorporates the assumption that after they expire, those programs will continue to operate in the same manner as they did before the expiration. Thus, the costs of extending those authorizations through 2031 are not included in the costs attributable to this bill. CBO estimates that those costs would total $473 billion over the 2027-2031 period, primarily for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Because appropriations for 2026 have already been provided, this estimate reflects specified authorizations and their associated outlays starting in 2027.CBO estimates that implementing the provisions that specify authorizations of appropriations would cost $15.8 billion over the 2026-2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts. Implementing the bill also would require additional spending from provisions that do not authorize the appropriation of specific amounts. CBO has not estimated the costs of implementing provisions that do not authorize the appropriation of a specific amount.

Under current law, sequestration, which is the cancellation of a portion of budgetary resources, applies to some programs in titles II and III. CBO’s estimate of the changes to budget authority for those programs incorporates the effects of sequestration.

Title I. Commodities

Title I would extend a decades-old suspension of permanent price support authority for agricultural commodities through the 2031 crop year. The title also would extend dairy-specific programs related to pricing, indemnities, promotion, and research and modify other programs funded by the CCC.

Direct Spending

Title I would allow producers that are eligible for cost-sharing assistance under section 1002 to receive payments from the Tree Assistance Program before they incur the cost of rehabilitating or replacing damaged or lost trees. Currently, the program allows reimbursement only for expenses already incurred. The authority to provide full reimbursement before producer costs are incurred would terminate on September 30, 2035. CBO estimates that enacting title I would result in spending occurring more quickly than under current law and would cost $5 million over the 2026-2031 period but would have an insignificant budgetary effect over the 2026‑2036 period (see Table 4).

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title I contains no specific authorization of appropriations.

Title II. Conservation

Title II would reauthorize and modify USDA’s land conservation programs to expand conservation practices, establish a new forest conservation program, and modify funding for various other programs.

Direct Spending

CBO estimates that enacting title II would decrease direct spending by $1 million over the 2026-2036 period (see Table 5).

Enacting title II would modify funding for various programs and rescind several prior appropriations, as follows:

• Subtitle C, the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, would rescind a portion of the program’s funding for the 2027-2030 period. After accounting for sequestration, CBO estimates that enacting sections 2201 through 2204, along with provisions in section 2501 (from subtitle F, Funding and Administration), would decrease direct spending, on net, by $786 million over the 2026‑2036 period.
• Subtitle D, the Conservation Stewardship Program, would expand certain benefits for landowners. CBO estimates that enacting sections 2301 and 2302 would increase direct spending by $49 million over the 2026-2036 period.
• Subtitle E, Other Conservation Programs, would affect several programs. CBO estimates that enacting subtitle E would increase direct spending by $125 million.
• Section 2402 would increase funding by $56 million in 2026 for the Feral Swine Eradication and Control Program. CBO estimates that direct spending would increase by the same amount over the 2026-2036 period.
• Section 2403 would expand USDA’s authority to repair and maintain watershed infrastructure projects and increase the federal cost share for those activities. CBO estimates that enacting the section would increase direct spending by $54 million over the 2026-2036 period.
• Section 2404 would expedite assistance to farmers through the Emergency Conservation Program. Up to 75 percent of the estimated cost to replace fencing and farm structures could be provided to recipients before work is complete; up to 50 percent of the estimated cost for repairs to fencing and farm structures also could be provided in advance. Using information from USDA, CBO expects that enacting section 2404 would result in some funds being obligated and spent more quickly than under current law. On that basis, CBO estimates that enacting the section would increase direct spending by $43 million over the 2026-2031 period. After 2031, the increase would be entirely offset by reductions in spending, resulting in no net effect on direct spending over the 2026-2036 period.
• Section 2405 would expand USDA’s authority through the Emergency Watershed Program to help communities respond to and recover from natural disasters, such as floods, storms, and other watershed emergencies. CBO estimates that enacting that section would cost $15 million over the 2026-2036 period.
• Subtitle F, Funding and Administration, would increase funding under section 2501 for cost-sharing assistance for forest management on private land and for transfers of land under conservation contracts. After accounting for sequestration, CBO estimates that enacting section 2501 would increase direct spending, on net, by $58 million over the 2026-2036 period.
• Subtitle G, the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program, would expand landowners’ benefits under sections 2601 through 2604. After accounting for sequestration, CBO estimates that enacting those sections would increase direct spending, on net, by $216 million over the 2026-2036 period.
• Subtitle H, the Forest Conservation Easement Program, would direct USDA to establish a program to conserve and restore land and natural resources by acquiring conservation easements or other interests in land. After accounting for sequestration, CBO estimates that enacting sections 2701 and 2702 would increase direct spending, on net, by $227 million over the 2026-2036 period.
• Subtitle I, the Regional Conservation Partnership Program, would expand benefits under certain conservation programs by increasing the amount and scope of financial and technical assistance provided to eligible participants. CBO estimates that enacting sections 2801 through 2807 would increase direct spending by $110 million over the 2026-2036 period.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title II would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $750 million over the 2027‑2031 period. CBO estimates that implementing title II would cost $627 million over the 2026‑2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title III. Trade

Title III would reauthorize various agricultural trade promotion and international food aid programs that are funded either by direct spending or by appropriation.

Title III also would transfer some authorities and responsibilities of USAID to USDA, which would administer the Food for Peace program and other programs previously administered by USAID.

Direct Spending

Title III would reauthorize agricultural trade promotion and overseas food aid programs funded by the Commodity Credit Corporation. CBO estimates that, on net, enacting title III would have no effect on direct spending over the 2026-2036 period (see Table 6).

Section 3201 would repeal the Supplemental Agricultural Trade Promotion Program, which is permanently authorized. The section also would reauthorize and increase funding through fiscal year 2031 for the Agricultural Trade Promotion and Facilitation Program. In keeping with the Deficit Control Act, CBO’s February 2026 baseline projections incorporate the assumption that the Agricultural Trade Promotion and Facilitation Program continues throughout the 2026‑2036 projection period. For this estimate, CBO assumes that the increase in funding would also continue through 2036. After accounting for sequestration, CBO estimates that enacting the section would reduce direct spending, on net, by $70 million over the 2026‑2036 period.

Section 3303 would reauthorize the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act through 2031. That trust holds commodities and funds for emergency humanitarian food needs in developing countries. Funding for that trust is usually provided in the annual appropriation act, but assistance also may come from stocks of commodities held by the CCC. Because the trust can use CCC funds to pay for the transport of commodities, CBO estimates that enacting section 3303 would increase direct spending by $70 million over the 2026‑2036 period.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title III would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $625 million over the 2027‑2031 period. The activities affected would include international agricultural exchange programs, local and regional food aid procurement, and the Global Crop Diversity Trust. CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost $357 million over the 2026‑2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title IV. Nutrition

Title IV would reauthorize through 2031 and make administrative changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, which provides benefits to help people in low-income households purchase food. Title IV also would reauthorize for the same period and make changes to commodity distribution and other federal nutrition assistance programs, fund other activities related to food-purchasing and nutrition initiatives, and establish demonstration projects.

Direct Spending

Under certain conditions, section 4103 would allow state agencies to use contractors for SNAP certification and other administrative functions. Section 4104 would allow retailers to fail the application process to participate in SNAP twice within three years before USDA imposes a waiting period for reapplication. Based on the costs for comparable activities, CBO estimates that enacting title IV would increase direct spending by less than $500,000 over the 2026-2036 period.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title IV would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $1.2 billion over the 2027‑2031 period to amend and reauthorize several nutrition programs, fund new grants for the procurement and distribution of locally produced food, and support demonstration projects. CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost $1.0 billion over the 2026-2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title V. Credit

Title V would reauthorize USDA’s agricultural loan programs through 2031 and make adjustments to loan eligibility, amounts, and application and approval processes.

Direct Spending

CBO estimates that enacting title V would not affect direct spending.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title V would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $1.2 billion through 2031. The affected programs and activities would include conservation loans and loan guarantees, a relending program to help people who inherit farmland with multiple owners resolve questions of succession of ownership, a pilot program for beginning farmers and ranchers, microloans for producers, and state agricultural mediation programs. CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost $325 million over the 2026‑2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title VI. Rural Development

Title VI would amend and reauthorize programs that provide access to broadband internet in rural communities and that support rural utilities, energy efficiency, and bioenergy projects.

Direct Spending

Sections 6201 and 6204 would increase eligibility among underserved communities for broadband infrastructure projects that are funded by USDA-administered grant and loan programs. Based on information from the department, CBO expects that those changes would result in some funds that were provided in previous years being obligated and spent faster than under current law because more projects would qualify for assistance. CBO estimates that enacting section 6201 would increase direct spending by $2 million over the 2026-2031 period. After 2031, that increase would be entirely offset by reductions in spending, resulting in no net effect on direct spending over the 2026-2036 period.

Similarly, enacting section 6204 would increase direct spending by less than $500,000 over the 2026-2031 period. That effect would be offset by a corresponding reduction in direct spending after 2031.

Therefore, CBO estimates that enacting title VI would have no net effect on direct spending over the 2026-2036 period.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title VI would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $4.7 billion over the 2027‑2031 period. CBO estimates that implementing the title would cost $2.5 billion over the 2026‑2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title VII. Research, Extension, and Related Matters

Title VII would amend the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977; the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990; the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998; the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008; and a handful of other laws. Title VII focuses mainly on issues related to research and extension activities (activities that provide research-based information and technical assistance to farmers, ranchers, and communities).

Direct Spending

Section 7606 would provide budget authority of $1 million in 2026 for USDA to establish the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service Modernization, which would update the data collection methods of the National Agricultural Statistics Service. That authority would expire on September 30, 2031. The funding would cover the commission’s costs, including compensation and travel expenses for nonfederal members. CBO estimates that enacting title VII would increase direct spending by $1 million over the 2026-2036 period.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title VII would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $8.3 billion over the 2027‑2031 period to reauthorize a large number of programs, mainly to fund research and for extension activities. CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost $5.9 billion over the 2026-2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title VIII. Forestry

Title VIII would reauthorize several programs aimed at restoring and conserving forests and expedite certain management activities on land administered by the Forest Service.

Direct Spending

Section 8508 would expedite assistance payments under the Emergency Forest Restoration Program to owners of nonindustrial, forested land in the aftermath of natural disasters. Up to 75 percent of the estimated cost of emergency projects could be provided to recipients before they begin work.

Using information from USDA, CBO expects that expediting payments would result in some funds being obligated and spent more quickly than under current law. On that basis, CBO estimates that enacting section 8508 would increase direct spending by about $20 million over the 2026-2031 period. That increase would be entirely offset by reductions in spending after 2031, resulting in no net effect on direct spending over the 2026-2036 period.

Enacting other sections would affect fees collected by the Forest Service, which are recorded in the budget as reductions in direct spending. Some of those fees can be spent without further appropriation. The net effect of those changes in fee collections would be insignificant over the 2026‑2036 period.

CBO estimates that enacting title VIII would have an insignificant effect on direct spending over the 2026-2036 period.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title VIII would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $4.2 billion over the 2027‑2031 period for several programs aimed at restoring and conserving forests on land administered by the Forest Service. CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost $3.9 billion over the 2026-2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title IX. Energy

Title IX would amend and reauthorize energy-related programs for rural and agricultural areas. The title also would rescind funding for USDA’s Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing Program.

Direct Spending

CBO estimates that enacting title IX would decrease direct spending by $2 million over the 2026-2031 period and would have no effect on net direct spending over the 2026‑2036 period (see Table 7).

Section 9002 would reauthorize the Biobased Markets Program over the 2026-2031 period and would provide $3 million in mandatory budget authority each year. CBO estimates that enacting the section would cost $16 million over the 2026-2031 period and $18 million over the 2026-2036 period.

Section 9003 would rescind $18 million in previously appropriated funds for the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing Program. CBO estimates that, as a result, direct spending for that program would decrease by $18 million over the 2026‑2036 period.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title IX would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $715 million over the 2027-2031 period for the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing Program; the Rural Energy for America Program; and other energy-related programs. CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost $516 million over the 2026-2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title X. Horticulture, Marketing, and Regulatory Reform

Title X would authorize or reauthorize programs that promote various agricultural industries, support organic production, and provide timely market news about specialty crops.

Direct Spending

CBO estimates that enacting title X would not affect direct spending.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title X would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $495 million over the 2027‑2031 period to establish and reauthorize programs that promote various agricultural industries, support organic production, and provide timely market news about specialty crops. CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost $458 million over the 2026-2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Title XI. Crop Insurance

Title XI would amend aspects of the federal crop insurance program affecting premium supports for military veterans.

Direct Spending

Section 11007 would expand eligibility to military veterans for a program initially designed to provide beginning farmers and ranchers with access to additional premium supports for crop insurance. CBO estimates that enacting that section would increase direct spending by less than $500,000 over the 2026-2036 period.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title XI contains no specific authorization of appropriations.

Title XII. Miscellaneous Provisions

Title XII would reauthorize several programs aimed at preventing and managing animal diseases, promoting outreach and access to USDA’s programs, improving the U.S. drought monitor, collecting and analyzing data related to land access and foreign ownership of U.S. farmland, helping victims of domestic abuse and their pets, and providing grants to install rollover protections for tractors.

Direct Spending

CBO estimates that enacting title XII would not affect direct spending.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

Title XII would specify the authorization of appropriations totaling $219 million over the 2027‑2031 period. CBO estimates that implementing title XII would cost $208 million over the 2026‑2031 period, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts.

Pay-As-You-Go Considerations

The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or revenues. The net changes in outlays that are subject to those pay-as-you-go procedures are shown in Table 8.

Increase in Long-Term Net Direct Spending and Deficits

CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 7567 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2037.

Mandates

H.R. 7567 would impose intergovernmental and private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA). CBO cannot determine whether the costs of the intergovernmental mandates would be above the threshold established in UMRA ($107 million in 2026, adjusted annually for inflation). CBO estimates that the aggregate costs of the private-sector mandates would exceed the private-sector threshold ($214 million in 2026, adjusted annually for inflation).

Title X Mandates Concerning Pesticides

Sections 10205, 10206, and 10207 would impose intergovernmental and private-sector mandates regarding the labeling, permitting, and uses of pesticides. The bill would establish nationwide uniformity for pesticide labeling. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) currently regulates pesticide labeling and registration and preempts the imposition of state or local labeling requirements that are additional to or different from those approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A split exists among Federal Courts of Appeals as to whether FIFRA also preempts the right, under state laws, of a plaintiff to bring a “failure to warn” claim against a pesticide manufacturer for harms alleged to arise from the use of a registered pesticide.

Mandates That Affect Intergovernmental and Private-Sector Entities. Section 10205 could impose intergovernmental and private-sector mandates by prohibiting manufacturers from being held liable for failing to warn purchasers or users about potential harms associated with the use of their registered pesticides.

The section could impose a mandate on state, local, and tribal governments that are parties to certain lawsuits against pesticide manufacturers; available information indicates that there have been only a few such cases. CBO estimates that the cost of any intergovernmental mandate would be small.

Section 10205 also could impose a private-sector mandate by prohibiting pesticide manufacturers from being held liable under failure-to-warn claims. The cost of any mandate would be the amount that claimants might otherwise have collected in awards or settlements. Using publicly available information from previous cases, CBO estimates that the cost of any private-sector mandate would be in the hundreds of millions of dollars and would exceed the private-sector threshold established in UMRA.

Mandates That Affect State, Local, and Tribal Governments. Section 10205 would impose an intergovernmental mandate by preempting state, local, and tribal restrictions regarding pesticide labeling. The section would prohibit warning language on pesticide labels or packaging that is in addition to or different from language EPA has approved under FIFRA.

Section 10206 would impose a mandate by preempting local regulation of the sale, distribution, labeling, application, or use of any pesticide or device that already is subject to regulation by a state or EPA under FIFRA.

The cost of the mandates under sections 10205 and 10206 would be the revenue lost by local governments that could no longer collect related fees or penalties. That loss would be offset, at least in part, because local governments would no longer be required to administer or enforce those regulations. Using information about fees collected in states that allow local regulation, CBO estimates that the cost of the mandates would be less than $1 million.

Section 10207 would impose an intergovernmental mandate by preempting any additional permitting or approval requirements for the use, application, or discharge, including into waterways, of a registered pesticide consistent with its EPA-approved labeling under FIFRA. That mandate could interact with the Clean Water Act and state regulations. CBO cannot determine whether the cost of the intergovernmental mandate would exceed the threshold established in UMRA.

All Other Mandates

Other titles of H.R. 7567 would impose intergovernmental and private-sector mandates, which are detailed below.

Mandates That Affect the Intergovernmental and Private Sectors. Section 12008 would impose intergovernmental and private-sector mandates by prohibiting commercial greyhound racing in the United States and prohibiting wagering on those races, including wagering on domestic and overseas simulcasts of races. The cost of the mandates would be lost revenue for live-racing establishments and businesses—including casinos owned by Native American tribes—that provide wagering on greyhound races.

Using information about the greyhound-racing industry, CBO estimates that businesses involved in live greyhound racing and wagering net about $85 million a year. Using information about the share of tribally owned casinos, CBO estimates that the intergovernmental cost of the mandate would be about $50 million and the cost of the private-sector mandate would be about $35 million.

Mandates That Affect State, Local, and Tribal Governments. Section 4302 would impose an intergovernmental mandate on state and local agencies that administer the National School Lunch Program by requiring them to purchase at least 95 percent of commodities and food products used for the program from domestic sources. The section also would require state agencies to oversee compliance with that requirement. Using information from USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service, CBO estimates that the cost of the mandate would be about $25 million annually for product purchases, recordkeeping, and oversight.

Section 10212 would prohibit state courts from issuing injunctions against state or tribal entities’ dispersal of aerial fire retardants as part of wildfire suppression or control. CBO estimates that there would be no cost associated with that intergovernmental mandate.

Section 12006 would impose an intergovernmental mandate by prohibiting state and local governments from imposing regulations on any products derived from livestock (milk and beef, for example) raised in another state. The cost of the mandate would be the lost revenue from certifications or fines that jurisdictions otherwise would collect. Using information on revenue collections by states that have imposed such regulations, CBO estimates that the cost of the mandate would be a few million dollars.

Mandates That Affect the Private Sector. Section 1006 would impose a private-sector mandate on dairy manufacturers by expanding current reporting requirements to include information on production costs and product yields. Because producers already report similar information to USDA, CBO estimates that the cost to comply with the mandate would be small.

Section 2503 could impose a private-sector mandate if USDA reduces payments to private-sector entities under existing contracts for conservation programs. CBO does not anticipate that existing payments would be reduced; therefore, no cost would be associated with the mandate.

Section 9004 would impose a private-sector mandate on manufacturers of biobased products by implementing national labeling standards for those products. Because USDA has not issued such standards, CBO cannot determine whether the cost to comply with the mandate would exceed UMRA’s private-sector threshold.

Section 10101 would impose a private-sector mandate on importers by adding almonds and mandarin oranges to a list of agricultural products for which USDA can impose import regulations. Those regulations could limit access to some foreign markets that are available to importers under current law. Because USDA has not issued regulations, CBO cannot determine whether the cost of the mandate exceeds the private-sector threshold.

Estimate Prepared By

Federal Costs: 
Susan Beyer, Jada Ho, Justin Latus, Susanne Mehlmann, and Margaret Rufe 
(for nutrition provisions)

Tiffany Arthur, Sunita D’Monte, Ryan Greenfield, Aaron Krupkin, 
Erik O’Donoghue, Emilia Oliva, Alaina Rhee, and Jon Sperl 
(for other provisions)

Mandates: 
Erich Dvorak
Andrew Laughlin 
Lucy Marrett

Estimate Reviewed By

Elizabeth Cove Delisle
Chief, Income Security Cost Estimates Unit

Ann E. Futrell
Chief, Natural and Physical Resources Cost Estimates Unit

Justin Humphrey
Chief, Finance, Housing, and Education Cost Estimates Unit

David Newman
Chief, Defense, International Affairs, and Veterans’ Affairs Cost Estimates Unit

Kathleen FitzGerald
Chief, Public and Private Mandates Unit

H. Samuel Papenfuss 
Deputy Director of Budget Analysis

Estimate Approved By

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