H.R. 2130, Tribal Trust Land Homeownership Act of 2025

H.R. 2130 would require the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) to process and review mortgage packages involving property located on tribal land held in trust by deadlines specified in the bill. The bill also would establish a position within BIA to serve as an intermediary between the bureau and tribes, tribal members, and lenders.

In addition, the bill would require BIA to provide federal agencies and Indian tribes with access to relevant land documents from the Trust Asset and Accounting Management System. Finally, H.R. 2130 would require the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to report to the Congress about the digitization of documents related to mortgages on tribal land.

Using information from the Department of the Interior, CBO expects that the agency would need three employees at an average annual cost of $130,000 per employee in 2026. On that basis, and accounting for anticipated inflation, CBO estimates it would cost BIA $2 million over the 2026‑2031 period to implement those requirements. Based on the costs of similar activities, CBO estimates that the cost to GAO to complete the report would not be significant. Any related spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds.

On May, 28, 2025, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for S. 723, the Tribal Trust Land Homeownership Act of 2025, as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs on March 5, 2025. The two bills are similar, and CBO’s estimates of their budgetary effects are the same.

The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Julia Aman. The estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Director of Budget Analysis.