H.R. 5078, Protecting Information by Local Leaders for Agency Resilience Act

September 18, 2025

Cost Estimate

As ordered reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on September 3, 2025

H.R. 5078, Protecting Information by Local Leaders for Agency Resilience Act As ordered reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on September 3, 2025
By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars		2025	2025-2030	2025-2035
Direct Spending (Outlays)		0	0	0
Revenues		0	0	0
Increase or Decrease (-) in the Deficit		0	0	0
Spending Subject to Appropriation (Outlays)		0	869	not estimated
Increases net direct spending in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2036?	No	Statutory pay-as-you-go procedures apply?		No
	No	Mandate Effects
Increases on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2036?	No	Contains intergovernmental mandate?		No
	No	Contains private-sector mandate?		No

H.R. 5078 would extend until 2035 the requirements for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to make cybersecurity grants to state and local entities, assess grant applications, review state and local cybersecurity plans, and monitor the performance of grant recipients. H.R. 5078 also would expand the scope of the grant program to include state and local government investments in artificial intelligence systems. Finally, the bill would require the Comptroller General of the United States to periodically review the program. The requirement to make cybersecurity grants currently expires on September 30, 2025.

The costs of the legislation, detailed in Table 1, fall within budget function 450 (Community and Regional Development). For this estimate, CBO assumes that H.R. 5078 will be enacted near the start of fiscal year 2026 and that outlays will follow historical spending patterns for the affected programs. Implementing H.R. 5078 would cost $869 million over the 2025-2030 period, CBO estimates; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds.

Table 1. Estimated Increases in Spending Subject to Appropriation Under H.R. 5078
	By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars
	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2025-2030
Cybersecurity Grants
Estimated Authorization	0	250	250	250	250	250	1,250
Estimated Outlays	0	50	103	160	210	243	766
Management and Oversight Costs
Estimated Authorization	0	20	20	21	21	21	103
Estimated Outlays	0	20	20	21	21	21	103
Total Changes
Estimated Authorization	0	270	270	271	271	271	1,353
Estimated Outlays	0	70	123	181	231	264	869

Over the 2022-2025 period, lawmakers provided an average of $250 million per year for the DHS State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program. CBO estimates that continuing to award grants at that level would cost $766 million over the 2025-2030 period.

On the basis of the costs to administer a similar grant program, CBO estimates that reviewing grant applications and cybersecurity plans, disbursing grants, communicating with state and local governments, and completing other oversight and administrative functions required by the bill would cost $103 million over the 2025‑2030 period.

On the basis of the costs of similar reviews, CBO estimates that the cost of the periodic review by the Comptroller General would be less than $500,000 over the 2025-2030 period.

The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Aldo Prosperi. The estimate was reviewed by Christina Hawley Anthony, Deputy Director of Budget Analysis.

Phillip L. Swagel Director, Congressional Budget Office

Phillip L. Swagel

Director, Congressional Budget Office

Data and Supplemental Information

table 1