H.R. 9731 would require the Department of Homeland Security to report to the Congress monthly on the number of aliens (non-U.S. nationals) it encounters who pose a national security risk. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 9731 would not affect direct spending or revenues. CBO has not estimated the bill’s effects on spending subject to appropriation. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.