S. 1240 would expand the pool of countries that are candidates for assistance from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) to include some upper middle-income countries. MCC provides grants to promote economic growth and reduce poverty in countries that demonstrate good governance, free markets, and robust investments in education, public health, and the environment. MCC evaluates candidate countries using those criteria and selects an average of two eligible countries each year. The bill also would codify MCC’s current practice of determining the appropriate contribution from each country selected to receive MCC grants.