H.R. 4690 would authorize the appropriation of specific amounts totaling $4.1 billion over the 2023-2027 period and $0.8 billion after 2027 to mitigate damage to fish populations from climate change, overfishing, oil spills, and natural disasters. The bill also would authorize grant programs and funding assistance to fishing communities that experience economic loss from damaged fisheries. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 4690 would have an insignificant effect on direct spending and no effect on revenues over the 2023-2032 period. The legislation would authorize activities that would not necessarily be covered by the authorized appropriations; thus, CBO has not estimated the full discretionary costs of implementing the bill. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.