S. 4908 would direct federal agencies to generate software inventories, assess the software they use, and report that information to the Government Accountability Office and the Congress, among others. Upon completion of the assessment, agencies would be directed to develop a plan to consolidate software licenses, and the Office of Management and Budget would be required to submit a proposal to develop governmentwide licenses for the most widely used and most costly software. CBO estimates that enacting S. 4908 would have an insignificant effect on direct spending and no effect on revenues over the 2023-2032 period. CBO has not estimated the discretionary costs of implementing the bill. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.