S. 1662 would authorize the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to increase funding transfers to the Reagan-Udall Foundation and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, respectively, up to an annual cap of $5 million each. The foundations are 501(c)(3) organizations created by the Congress to support the missions of FDA and NIH. CBO anticipates that the agencies would transfer the maximum authorized amounts to the foundations each year, about $38 million more than authorized under current law over the 2022-2026 period. CBO estimates that costs associated with the increased transfers would total $30 million over the 2021-2026 period; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds.