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Employment and Labor Markets

The level of employment has a direct effect on people's well-being and the government's finances. When employment is higher, incomes and federal revenues are higher, while federal outlays for income support programs are lower. CBO analyzes the causes and consequences of unemployment, the effects of the unemployment insurance program, the impact of various policy proposals that might affect employment, and other issues concerning labor markets such as people's participation in the labor force.

Sub-Topics:

  • Federal Personnel
  • Labor Markets
  • Economic Stimulus
  • NAFTA

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related publications


  • Understanding and Responding to Persistently High Unemployment

    February 16, 2012

  • Losing a Job During a Recession

    April 22, 2010

  • Unemployment Insurance Benefits and Family Income of the Unemployed

    November 17, 2010

  • Policies for Increasing Economic Growth and Employment in 2012 and 2013

    November 15, 2011

  • Economic Effects of Policies Contributing to Fiscal Tightening in 2013

    November 08, 2012
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Unemployment Insurance in the Wake of the Recent Recession

report

November 28, 2012

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monthly archive

  • May 2013 (2)
  • April 2013 (14)
  • March 2013 (22)
  • February 2013 (10)
  • January 2013 (11)
  • December 2012 (4)
  • November 2012 (10)
  • October 2012 (4)
  • September 2012 (6)
  • August 2012 (5)
  • July 2012 (11)
  • June 2012 (8)
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CBO Releases a Report on Unemployment Insurance

blog post

November 28, 2012


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Estimated Impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act on Employment and Economic Output from July 2012 Through September 2012

report

November 20, 2012

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monthly archive

  • May 2013 (2)
  • April 2013 (14)
  • March 2013 (22)
  • February 2013 (10)
  • January 2013 (11)
  • December 2012 (4)
  • November 2012 (10)
  • October 2012 (4)
  • September 2012 (6)
  • August 2012 (5)
  • July 2012 (11)
  • June 2012 (8)
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CBO Releases Latest Quarterly Report on ARRA’s Effect on Output and Employment

blog post

November 20, 2012


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  • Illustrative Examples of Effective Marginal Tax Rates Faced by Married and Single Taxpayers

related publications


  • The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2008 and 2009

    July 10, 2012

  • Historical Effective Federal Tax Rates: 1979 to 2005

    December 11, 2007

  • The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

    April 19, 2012
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Effective Marginal Tax Rates for Low- and Moderate-Income Workers

report

November 15, 2012

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monthly archive

  • May 2013 (2)
  • April 2013 (14)
  • March 2013 (22)
  • February 2013 (10)
  • January 2013 (11)
  • December 2012 (4)
  • November 2012 (10)
  • October 2012 (4)
  • September 2012 (6)
  • August 2012 (5)
  • July 2012 (11)
  • June 2012 (8)
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CBO Releases a Report on Effective Marginal Tax Rates for Low- and Moderate-Income Workers

blog post

November 15, 2012


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  • Effective Marginal Tax Rates for Low- and Moderate-Income Workers
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Illustrative Examples of Effective Marginal Tax Rates Faced by Married and Single Taxpayers: Supplemental Material for Effective Marginal Tax Rates for Low- and Moderate-Income Workers

data or technical information

November 15, 2012

read complete document  (pdf, 799 kb)

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related publications


  • Long-Term Implications of the 2013 Future Years Defense Program

    July 11, 2012

  • Evaluating Military Compensation

    April 28, 2010

  • Evaluating Military Compensation

    June 29, 2007

  • Recruiting, Retention, and Future Levels of Military Personnel

    October 01, 2006

  • The Effects of Proposals to Increase Cost Sharing in TRICARE

    June 05, 2009
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Costs of Military Pay and Benefits in the Defense Budget

report

November 14, 2012

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related publications


  • An Update to the Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2012 to 2022

    August 22, 2012

  • Fiscal Tightening in 2013 and Its Economic Consequences - Infographic

    August 22, 2012

  • Estimated Impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act on Employment and Economic Output from April 2012 Through June 2012

    August 23, 2012

  • The 2012 Long-Term Budget Outlook

    June 05, 2012

  • Assessing the Short-Term Effects on Output of Changes in Federal Fiscal Policies: Working Paper 2012-08

    May 25, 2012

  • Economic Effects of Reducing the Fiscal Restraint That Is Scheduled to Occur in 2013

    May 22, 2012

  • Policies for Increasing Economic Growth and Employment in 2012 and 2013

    November 15, 2011

  • Confronting the Nation's Fiscal Policy Challenges

    September 13, 2011

  • Reducing the Deficit: Spending and Revenue Options

    March 10, 2011
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Economic Effects of Policies Contributing to Fiscal Tightening in 2013

report

November 8, 2012

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related publications


  • How the Supply of Labor Responds to Changes in Fiscal Policy

    October 25, 2012
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Review of Estimates of the Frisch Elasticity of Labor Supply: Working Paper 2012-13

working paper

October 25, 2012

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Abstract

Felix Reichling and Charles Whalen

Among the models that CBO uses to analyze the economic effects of changes in federal fiscal policy is a life-cycle growth model. That model requires an estimate of the responsiveness of the supply of labor to a one-time temporary change in after-tax compensation, which is described by the so-called Frisch elasticity. CBO incorporates into its analyses an estimate of the Frisch elasticity that ranges from 0.27 to 0.53, with a central estimate of 0.40. This paper describes how CBO derived that range from the research literature.


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