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Finance

The 2007–2009 financial crisis and recession were triggered in part by a near collapse of some large financial institutions, a sharp contraction in the availability of credit, and a large drop in house prices. In response, federal support for financial institutions and credit markets substantially increased. CBO quantifies the costs and risks of policy proposals related to federal credit and insurance programs, banking and capital markets, government-sponsored enterprises such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and other federal financial activities.

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  • Government Sponsored Enterprises
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H.R. 801, Holding Company Registration Threshold Equalization Act of 2013

cost estimate

May 29, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 28 kb)

related publications


  • H.R. 677, Inter-Affiliate Swap Clarification Act

    April 11, 2013
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H.R. 677, Inter-Affiliate Swap Clarification Act

cost estimate

May 30, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 25 kb)

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H.R. 1256, Swap Jurisdiction Certainty Act

cost estimate

May 30, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 26 kb)

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H.R. 992, Swaps Regulatory Improvement Act

cost estimate

May 20, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 18 kb)

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H.R. 742, Swap Data Repository and Clearinghouse Indemnification Correction Act of 2013

cost estimate

May 17, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 25 kb)

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CBO's Reestimate of the President's 2014 Mandatory Proposals for Postsecondary Education

data or technical information

May 17, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 15 kb)

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H.R. 701, a bill to amend a provision of the Securities Act of 1933 directing the Securities and Exchange Commission to add a particular class of securities to those exempted under such Act to provide a deadline for such action

cost estimate

May 13, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 23 kb)

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H.R. 1062, SEC Regulatory Accountability Act

cost estimate

May 13, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 25 kb)

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H.R. 1256, Swap Jurisdiction Certainty Act

cost estimate

May 3, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 25 kb)

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related publications


  • Modifying Mortgages Involving Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: Options for Principal Forgiveness

    May 01, 2013
  • The Budgetary Cost of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and Options for the Future Federal Role in the Secondary Mortgage Market

    June 02, 2011
  • Policies for Increasing Economic Growth and Employment in 2012 and 2013

    November 15, 2011
  • An Evaluation of Large-Scale Mortgage Refinancing Programs

    September 01, 2011
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Options for Principal Forgiveness in Mortgages Involving Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: Working Paper 2013-02

working paper

May 1, 2013

read complete document  (pdf, 437 kb)

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