The references cited in this Congressional Budget Office (CBO) paper fall into three categories:
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Reports that were part of the literature review conducted for this analysis;
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CBO publications that have focused on the long-term growth of spending on health care; and
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Aaron, Henry J., and William B. Schwartz. Can We Say No? Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2005.
Cutler, David M. "Technology, Health Costs, and the NIH." Paper prepared for the National Institutes of Health Economics Roundtable on Biomedical Research, September 1995.
———. Your Money or Your Life: Strong Medicine for America’s Health Care System. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Cutler, David M., and others. "Are Medical Prices Falling?" Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 113, no. 4 (1998), pp. 991–1024.
Cutler, David M., and Ellen Meara. The Technology of Birth: Is It Worth It? Working Paper No. 7390. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1999.
Finkelstein, Amy. The Aggregate Effects of Health Insurance: Evidence from the Introduction of Medicare. Working Paper No. 11619. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2005.
Fuchs, Victor. "Economics, Values, and Health Care Reform." American Economic Review, vol. 86, no. 1 (1996), pp. 1–24.
Glied, Sherry. "Managed Care." In Handbook of Health Economics, vol. 1A, ed. by Anthony J. Culyer and Joseph P. Newhouse, pp. 707– 753. New York: Elsevier Science, 2000.
Newhouse, Joseph P. "An Iconoclastic View of Health Cost Containment." Health Affairs, vol. 12, Supplement (1993), pp. 154–171.
———. "Medical Care Costs: How Much Welfare Loss?" Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 6, no. 3 (Summer 1992), pp. 3–22.
Peden, Edgar A., and Mark S. Freeland. "Insurance Effects on U.S. Medical Spending (1960–1993)." Health Economics, vol. 7, no. 8 (1998), pp. 671–687.
Potts, John T., and William B. Schwartz. "The Impact of the Revolution in Biomedical Research on Life Expectancy by 2050." Chap. 1 in Coping with Methuselah: The Impact of Molecular Biology on Medicine and Society, ed. by Henry J. Aaron and William B. Schwartz. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004.
Schwartz, William B. "The Inevitable Failure of Current Cost-Containment Strategies: Why They Can Provide Only Temporary Relief." Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 257, no. 2 (1987), pp. 220–224.
———. Life Without Disease: The Pursuit of Medical Utopia. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998.
———. "In the Pipeline: A Wave of Valuable New Medical Technology." Health Affairs, vol. 13, no. 3 (1994), pp. 70–79.
Smith, Sheila D., Stephen K. Heffler, and Mark S. Freeland. "The Impact of Technological Change on Health Care Cost Increases: An Evaluation of the Literature." Working paper, 2000.
Weisbrod, Burton A. "The Health Care Quadrilemma: An Essay on Technological Change, Insurance, Quality of Care, and Cost Containment." Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 29 (1991), pp. 523–532.
Research on the Comparative Effectiveness of Medical Treatments: Issues and Options for an Expanded Federal Role (December 2007).
The Long-Term Budget Outlook (December 2007).
The Long-Term Outlook for Health Care Spending (November 2007).
Factors Underlying the Growth in Medicare’s Spending for Physicians’ Services (June 2007).
Medical Malpractice Tort Limits and Health Care Spending (April 2006).
Aaron, Henry J. "The Costs of Health Care Administration in the United States and Canada—Questionable Answers to a Questionable Question." New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 349, no. 8 (August 21, 2003), pp. 801–803.
Aaron, Henry J., and William B. Schwartz. The Painful Prescription: Rationing Hospital Care. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1984.
Barrett, B.J., and others. "A Comparison of Nonionic, Low-Osmolality Radiocontrast Agents with Ionic, High-Osmolality Agents During Cardiac Catheterization." New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 326, no. 2 (February 13, 1992), pp. 431–436.
Baumgardner, James R. "The Interaction Between Forms of Insurance Contract and Types of Technical Change in Medical Care." RAND Journal of Economics, vol. 22, no. 1 (1991), pp. 36–53.
Bodenheimer, Thomas. "High and Rising Health Care Costs Part 2: Technologic Innovation." Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 142, no. 11 (2005), pp. 932–937.
Cutler, David M. "Equality, Efficiency, and Market Fundamentals: The Dynamics of International Medical Care Reform." Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 40, no. 3 (2002), pp. 881–906.
Cutler, David M., and Robert S. Huckman. "Technological Development and Medical Productivity: The Diffusion of Angioplasty in New York State." Journal of Health Economics, vol. 22, no. 2 (2003), pp. 187–217.
Cutler, David M., and Mark McClellan. "Is Technological Change in Medicine Worth It?" Health Affairs, vol. 20, no. 5 (2001), pp. 11–29.
di Matteo, Livio. "The Macro Determinants of Health Expenditure in the United States and Canada: Assessing the Impact of Income, Age Distribution and Time. Health Policy, vol. 71 (January 2005), pp. 23–42.
Goddeeris, John H. "Insurance and Incentives for Innovation in Medical Care." Southern Economic Journal, vol. 51, no. 2 (1984b), pp. 530–539.
Goldman, Dana, and others. "Consequences of Health Trends and Medical Innovation for the Future Elderly." Health Affairs, Web Exclusive (September 26, 2005), pp. R5–R17.
Kling, Arnold. Crisis of Abundance: Rethinking How We Pay for Health Care. Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute, 2006.
Lubitz, James, James Beebe, and Colin Baker. "Longevity and Medicare Expenditures." New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 332, no. 15 (1995), pp. 999–1003.
McGuire, Thomas G., and Mark V. Pauly. "Physician Response to Fee Changes with Multiple Payers." Journal of Health Economics, vol. 10 (1991), pp. 385–410.
Mortele, K.J., and others. "Universal Use of Nonionic Iodinated Contrast Medium for CT: Evaluation of Safety in a Large Urban Teaching Hospital." American Journal of Roentgenology, vol. 184 (2005), pp. 31–34.
Okunade, Albert A., and Vasudeva N.R. Murthy. "Technology as a Major Driver of Health Care Costs: A Cointegration Analysis of the Newhouse Conjecture." Journal of Health Economics, vol. 21 (2002), pp. 147–159.
Peden, Edgar A., and Mark S. Freeland, "A Historical Analysis of Medical Spending Growth, 1960–1993." Health Affairs, vol. 14, no. 2 (1995), pp. 235–247.
Project HOPE Center for Health Affairs. The Impact of Medical Technology on Future Health Care Costs: Final Report. Bethesda, Md.: Project HOPE, February 28, 2001.
Reinhardt, Uwe. "Does the Aging of the Population Really Drive the Demand for Health Care?" Health Affairs, vol. 22, no. 6 (2003), pp. 27–39.
Technological Change in Health Care (TECH) Research Network. "Technological Change Around the World: Evidence from Heart Attack Care." Health Affairs, vol. 20, no. 3 (2001), pp. 25–42.
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. Defensive Medicine and Medical Malpractice, OTA-H-6O2 (July 1994).